ROLE OF ECO-TOURISM FOR SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION: W.R.T. MAREDUMILLI, ECO-TOURISM PROJECT, ANDHRA PRADESH STATE, INDIA

Teki Surayya

Professor and Dean academic affairs Adikavi Nannaya University (Autonomous body under Government of Andhra Pradesh, India) Rajahmundry-533105, India. website www.nannayauniversity.infoPhone: 91-8121692457 and +91-883-2472616-17,

Chairman of Indonesian Agricultural Economics Association of Palembang

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ABSTRACT

Maredumilli community based eco-tourism project, Vana Vihari (excursion to forest) Maredumilli forest village, East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Project was developed by Government forest department and give to communities. A management committee of 18 members manages project on their own. Project is presently self sustaining. Average monthly revenues is INR 0.1 million out of which wages INR 54000, electricity overheads 15000 and 1500 to forest department fee and maintenance 5000 to be incurred per month. Remaining revenue realized from the project is allocated to promote health of forest. Findings of study show that Vana Vihari, provides livelihoods to 68 families. 5th day of every month project community general meeting is being held to make necessary decisions. Impact of project is visible in many folds; a) local communities have become entrepreneurs and 68 households, directly or indirectly getting their livelihood, b) degradation of ecosystem has been decreased through community based ecotourism management c) forest canopy has been improved significantly that is contributing for climate change mitigation and rural development and d) local communities have become safeguards against exploitation of natural forest resources and forest protection force. The main objective of the study was to evaluate impact of project in terms of the project’s role - a) providing livelihoods local rural communities, b) protecting natural forest against exploitation and c) to measure role of ecotourism in mitigating climate change.

Keywords: Community, Eco-tourism, rural development, Livelihoods, Impact 

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INCENTIVE ON LAND PRESERVATION PROGRAM IN KUNINGAN REGENCY BASED ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATOR

Danang Pramudita¹, Arya Hadi Dharmawan²  and Baba Barus²

¹Graduate Student of Rural and Development Planning, Bogor Agricultural University

² Bogor Agricultural University

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ABSTRACT

Agricultural land conversion in Indonesia has became a major concern since 1980s.  Land conversion have a great impact to food production, loss of ecological function, agriculture unemployment, and loss of irrigation infrastructure. Juridical approach is not longer effective to address the issue of land conversion, thus the government need to adopt more operational approach. The aim of this research are to identify socioeconomic characteristics in the area of land preservation program (LP2B) in Kuningan Regency and to determine the incentives for LP2B program. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, likert scale and system dynamic. Based on the result, there are nine socioeconomic indicator on land preservation program (LP2B) in Kuningan Regency, namely; land conversion rate, food balance, disparity between farm and non-farm income, agriculture households, agriculture labor, farmers' groups, spatial planning policies and farmers perceptions. Farmers have a positive perception on LP2B program. The dynamic model simulation showed that moderate scenario consist of price policy, tax reduction, irrigation improvement, with fertilizer and seed subsidy reduction gives the best results. Incentives priority should give to Cilimus sub district due to high conversion rate. Meanwhile Ciawigebang and Cibingbin sub district become a next priority. Instead of rely on incentives for farmers, government should make an disincentive to those who convert the agricultural land. 

Keywords : incentive, LP2B, perception, socioeconomic

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impacts of LAND FOREST CONVERSION TO OIL PALM PLANTATION ON THE indonesian MACROeconomy AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION

Rina Oktaviani¹,  Eka Puspitawati², Noer Azam Achsani³ and Sahara²

^[1] Professor at Economics Department and Director of International Trade Analysis and Policy Studies (ITAPS) Faculty of Economics and Management, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB),

² Lecturer at Economics Department and Researcher of International Trade Analysis and Policy Studies (ITAPS) Faculty of Economics and Management, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

³ Professor at Economics Department and Senior Reasercher of International Trade Analysis and Policy Studies (ITAPS) Faculty of Economics and Management, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

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ABSTRACT

The deforestation and degradation of tropical forests including land forest conversion result in a range of negative impacts, such as soil erosion, biodiversity loss and climate change. However, the loss of forests also results economic benefits, such as the production of food and estate crops.  This paper investigates impacts of land forest conversion particularly to oil palm plantation on the national macroeconomy performance and household income distribution. Using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of forest, this study results that although land change increases real GDP and real household consumption, the positive impact is very slight. This study also shows a decresing real income of some rural households. Land forest conversion and productivity improvement in oil palm sector can be slightly better impact on Indonesian economic performance. Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) will slightly increase because of increasing in investment and some household consumption categories. The policy of improving productivity of oil palm sector wil increase the Rural 2, however it is still almost the same impact with deforestration. It must be considered increasing the palm oil productivity to increase the welfare of poor rural household. The partnership between landless and small scale farmer with and large scale plantation is needed in order to increase the welfare of the rural agricultural household income.

Keywords: forest land conversion, oil palm, income distribution, CGE

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COASTAL VULNERABILITY OF BANGLADESH IN TIMES OF CLIMATE CHANGE

Md. Zahirul Haque Khan, Md. Nasim Al Azad Khan, Md. Saiful Islam, Md. Raqubul Hasib

* Director, Coast Port and Estuary Management Division, Institute of Water Modelling, Dhaka-1206, Bangladesh.

Junior Specialist, Coast Port and Estuary Management Division, Institute of Water Modelling,Dhaka-1206, Bangladesh.

Junior Specialist, Coast Port and Estuary Management Division, Institute of Water Modelling, Dhaka-1206, Bangladesh.

Junior Engineer, Coast Port and Estuary Management Division, Institute of Water Modelling,Dhaka-1206, Bangladesh.

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ABSTRACT

The geographical location and geomorphologic conditions of Bangladesh have made the country one of the most vulnerable due to its extreme vulnerability to cyclones and storm surges with the effects of climate change particularly to Sea Level Rise. In order to understand the seal level rise, the trend of the annual maximum, average and minimum of available time series water level data for three tidal water level stations namely Hiron Point, Khepupara and Rangadia has been carried out applying regression analysis technique. The linear trend for annual maximum indicates increasing trends of 7.8mm/yr, 8.1mm/yr and 5.8mm/yr for Hironpoint, Khepupara and Rangadia respectively along the coast of Bangladesh. One of the objectives of this research project is to use the existing storm surge model for vulnerability assessment of the coastal area and upgrade and updating of available storm surge model with improve modeling system for the coastal region of Bangladesh to investigate the vulnerability of coastal area due to storm surge flooding. The available hydrodynamic model based on MIKE 21 classic system (structured Grid system) for Bay of has been used to assess the combined effects of sea level rise and increase of cyclonic wind speed on cyclonic storm surge level and inundation. Relative Sea Level Rise has also been established considering the global seal level rise in accordance with the Assessment Report-5 of IPCC and local effects based on literature review. The increase of wind speed in the changing climate is considered based on literature review and IPCC reports. The simulation of future climate scenario considers 50cm sea level rise and 10% increase of wind speed in 2050. The simulation result shows that about 19,147 sq. km costal area is inundated by more than 1m water depth due to past cyclone during last 50 years (1960-2009) whereas in 2050, it will be 10% increased owing to sea level rise which indicates that the coast will become more vulnerable. The increase of storm surge height is likely to be in the range from 0.50m to 1.25m in the changing climate.

Keywords: Bay of Bengal Model, Inundation, Sea Level Rise, Subsidence,  Tide, Trend Analysis

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