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EMPOWERING SMALL-SCALE FARMERS-BASED TYPOLOGY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA
Muhammad Iqbal
Indonesian Center for Agricultural Socio Economic and Policy Studies (ICASEPS)
Jalan Ahmad Yani 70, Bogor 16161, West Java, Indonesia
ABSTRACT
It is believed that small-scale farmer is one of essential components in green economic development. In the case of Indonesia, there are approximately 14.25 million (55.33%) of farmers categorized as small-scale who have land tenure of less than 0.5 hectare averagely. Those farmers are necessarily empowered particularly towards green economic development. The study was conducted in December 2014 in two districts (Bandung and Garut) of West Java province. Three sub-districts were purposively selected representing typology of small-scale farmers. It was found that the empowerment of small-scale farmers should be based on its typology which can be clustered into three-group namely subsistence-oriented small-scale farmers, commercial small-scale farmers, and small-scale farmers in transition. Hence, it is recommended that the empowerment of subsistence typology focuses on optimizing the use of limited land size. Meanwhile, the empowerment of commercial typology is implemented through fostering the commercialization benefited for small-scale farmers. Moreover, the core empowerment of transition typology is in the form of improving the skill capacity supporting off-farm agriculture. Those should be initially started from capacity development through education and training both technical (farm operation) and non-technical (managerial) based on green economic development context. Indeed, it is necessary to involve young generation in order to keep sustaining the transformation of green economic development in Indonesia.
Keywords: small-scale farmers, typology, empowerment, green economic development, Indonesia
DISTRIBUTION WITHIN THE DISTRIBUTION RANGE OF LEACHATE TO THE ORGANISM SAPROBITAS: A CASE STUDY OF TPA SBBL MEMPAWAH REGENCY, WEST KALIMANTAN PROVINCE
Wartiniyati 1,2, Sutrisno Anggoro3, Budi Hendrarto3 and Henna Rya Sunoko4
1Graduate Program on Environmental Science, Diponegoro University Semarang50241 Indonesia
2District Health Office Mempawah West Kalimantan
3Departemen of Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro UniversitySemarang 50241 Indonesia
4Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50241, Indonesia
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ABSTRACT
14 hectare landfill expansion in productive palm plantations pose a threat to the environment, with the first construction area of 4 hectares entirely environmental problems have not been optimal. The research objective to analyze the characteristics, the concentration of leachate in the landfill, as well as forecast the distribution of impacts based on the ebb and flow velocity Results of research on the quality of leachate is more than the limit specified under Regulation 82 of 2013. Biota water and pressure changes caused leachate concentrations relatively poor. Acus Synedra plankton distribution groups and Nitzchia palaea commonly found when tides dry,While Nitzchia palaea and Nitzchia curvula in pairs rainy. The discovery of organisms oligosaprobic and α -mesosaprobic shows the leachate polluted condition of mild to severe. Distribution deployment with the material impact of sediment and plankton drifting tide reaches 103.680 meters dry, wet tide 136.020 meters, 35.640 meters dry ebb, ebb rainy 74.520 meters at point 2 pairs of dry 1.Titik 64800 meter, plug the rainy 132.840 meters, 32.400 meters drought recede , receding rainy 38.880 meters.Need manufacture WWTP, and continuous monitoring of the quality of leachate.
Keywords: leachate, saprobic, distribution, ups and downs.
EFFECT OF SEED TREATMENT WITH RYZOBACTERIA TO THE GERMINATION PERCENTAGE AND THE INTENSITY OF THE DISEASE IN INFECTED RICE SEEDS BROWN SPOT DISEASE
Yulensri, Agustamar and Misfit Putrina
Department of food crops, Agricultural Polytechnic Payakumbuh
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ABSTRACT
Increased productivity of rice through proper cultivation techniques such as the application of SRI method is proven to increase rice production. If there is no yield losses due to pests and diseases that high productivity can be maintained so that food security will be realized. Control of potential techniques developed is to use microorganisms ryzobacteria indigenus P. fluorescent, B. thuringiensis, and S. marcescens which is better known as biocontrol agents for control of pests and also has the potential to control seed borne diseases. Ryzobacteria is a bacteria that lives in the soil and are semi anaerobic, allowing these bacteria to live and breed in rice paddies with SRI method of cultivation. Research germination test done Payakumbuh Politani biology laboratory from February to July 2015. Tests conducted on seed germination infected with the pathogen H. oryzae then treated with ryzobacteria. Once it is planted in the home screen and the observed intensity of the brown spot disease. Seed treatment with ryzobacteria on rice seeds infected with brown spot disease caused by the fungus H. oryzae can increase the percentage of germination when compared without giving ryzobacteria and significantly different according DNMRT test at 5% level, there is no interaction between giving ryzobacteria and infection ryzobacteria seed against the percentage of seed germination . Seed treatment with ryzobacteria on rice seeds infected with brown spot disease caused by the fungus H. oryzae can reduce the intensity of the brown spot disease when compared without giving ryzobacteria and significantly different according DNMRT test at 5% level, there is no interaction between giving ryzobacteria and infection ryzobacteria seed the intensity of brown spot disease.
Keywords : S. marcecens, P. fluorescent, B. thuringiensis. H. oryzae, SRI method of paddy.
COMMODITY CHAIN MANAGEMENT OF EAST JAVA MILK INDUSTRY: STRATEGY TO ACHIEVE MILK SELF-SUFFICIENT PROGRAM
Andrie Kisroh Sunyigono1, Elys Fauziah1 and Mulaab2
1Agribusiness Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Trunojoyo Madura,
2Informatics Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Trunojoyo Madura
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ABSTRACT
Milk industry faced several problems. In the downstream, the problems were lack of feeder cattle, low of productivity, the feed price was high, small-scale industry and un-skilled labour. In the middle-process, the problems were recording system was low, traditional technology, grazing area was limited, lack of working capital and managerial problem. Further, the problem in the upstream were price of feeder cattle was fluctuated and price of milk was low. Because of very complicated problems that mention above, the progress of milk industry is very slow and they only fulfilled 27% of national demand. The goals of this research were 1) To understand the characteristic of dairy cow industry in East Java, 2) to identify and map the main actors involved in the core processes of milk commodity chain in East Java, 3) to observe the principal function of the actors as well as the interaction among the actor. and 4) To analyse the strategy for strengthening dairy cow commodity chain. The research was conducted in Pasuruan and Probolinggo Residence. The number of respondent was 81 persons that consist of input supplier, farmer, trader and processor. The analytical tools were descriptive, actor network analysis, and commodity chain analysis.The results of the research were: 1) During 2006-2013, average dairy cow population in East Java increased 10% per year, 2) The core processes in dairy farming system are input provision, raising, milking, transportation and marketing, 3) the bargaining position of input supplier and farmer were less than the trader and processor. The recommendations were: 1) it was needed to improve the bargaining position of input supplier and farmer through revitalization of the commodity chain in milk industry, 2) the government should force the farmer institution through improving of the farmer cooperatives.
Keywords: dairy, commodity chain, core processes, value-added