admin
ASSESSMENT EROSION 3D HAZARD WITH USLE AND SURFER TOOL IN PASAMAN WATERSHED, SUMATRA ISLAND-INDONESIA
Aflizar, Roni Afrizal and Edi Syafri Muzakkir
State Polytechnic Payakumbuh for Agriculture,Payakumbuh 26271, Indonesia. Fax :62-752-7750220,
Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
Quantification of soil erosion rate is an important basic to investigate and improve land use system in Indonesia which has not been sufficiently conducted. In this study, we have tried to clarify spatial distribution of 3D soil erosion and dominant erosion factor controlling loss or redistribution of soil sediment in order to efficiently discuss the sustainable management of Pasaman watershed where is a main palm oil plantation producing area in Sumatra Island. The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and Erosion Three Dimension (E3D) in Surfer tool were used to identify characteristic of dominant factor in Pasaman Watershed using data soil survey and watershed characteristic. Soil erosion in Pasaman watershed is affected by topography (LS) factor and soil erodibility (K) factor in long-term period. At present, erosion is accelerated by change in cover crop (C) factor, soil conservation practices (P) factor and high rainfall erosivity (R). Estimated soil erosion rate was generally higher in upper than in lower topographical positions. It possibly enhanced the redistribution of soil, especially fine soil particles, and might contribute to degraded water quality at river and sea water as outlet of Pasaman watershed. Annual average soil erosion for Pasaman watershed was 427.23 ton/ha/y in 2014 where exceed tolerable erosion 35,47 ton/ha/y. Average concentrations of PO4-P and NO3-N in sea water in the outlet of Pasaman Watershed ranged from 0.05-1.88 mg/L and 0-2.90 mg/L from 2014, respectively. PO4-P exceeded level standard by Indonesia. Natural factor, including heavy rainfall, local soil properties and land use change in a landscape susceptible to soil erosion were the fundamental factor responsible for the high soil erosion in the watershed. The USLE model in Surfer tool was used to identify specific region susceptible to soil erosion by water and was also applied to identify suitable sites to conduct soil conservation and agroecological land use planning in Pasaman watershed.
Keywords: Erosion 3D, Pasaman watershed, Palm Oil Plantation, USLE
RELATIVE ROLES OF CLIMATE AND SOCIETAL FACTORS INWATER SCARCITY AND FLOODINGIN SRI LANKA AND MALDIVESAND ITS IMPLICATIONS
Zeenas Yahiya
Foundation for Environment, Climate and Technology, c/o Mahaweli Authority Maintenance, Digana Village, Rajawella, Sri Lanka.
Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.">This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
Three cases that we have studies in Sri Lanka and Maldives illustrate the socio-economic factors and the role of climate change in water scarcity and flooding. The trade-offs, spatial and time scale issues and climate risk and sustainability shall be discussed. First, at a national and district scale in Sri Lanka, we find that there is a strong relationship between climate based drought incidences and drought disaster declarations and relief payments. The details of how these indices are derived and the cross-comparisons with disasters shall be presented. This case demonstrates that even in a country with political conflict, and with government systems under stress that climate drives drought disaster relief. Second, in a rapidly urbanizing region in Sri Lanka, we find that climate is not a driver of the rise in flooding in a sub-catchment (PingaOya) of the Mahaweli River. While there is a relationship between weather and flooding, the rising frequency of floods is not correlated with climate change. Rather anthropogenic activities and poor enforcement of regulations is the cause of floods. Third, in the Maldives, the new government is seeking to move away from climate dependence by encouraging its people to move from water sustenance through encouraging the young to migrate from the approximately 190 islands they inhabitto the HulhumaleIsland where it is constructing desalination plants to provide water. This means that there is higher level of dependence on water supply services. In November 2014 there was a week-long breakdown of the water supply.
SOCIAL - ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT "VULNERABLE FAMILIES" AS A CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS
Niko Rinaldi
Case Study: Implementation of the Programme Strengthening Community Resilience to disaster and climate change in Nagari Tiku Selatan Kecamatan Tanjung Mutiara , Agam Distric – West Sumatera)
(JEMARI Sakato West Sumatra, web: www. jemarisakato.org/FB: JEMARI Sakato telp. (0751) 447 977 )
Corresponding author : This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
Agam is one of nagari which is categorized that is the most vulnerable of natural disasters and climate alteration. This susceptibleness especially in economic, because alot of people depend on nature (agricultural and marine). Oxfam and JEMARI Sakato which are funding support from USAID is executing a program pf strengthening of society for increasing of disasters preparedness and affording to adapt of climate alterations. This programis conducted by using a consept of household livelihood security. The activities include : assesment of an impact of the livelihood conditions of comunities to disaster and climate alteration, arrangement of action plan, livelihoods, improving families, increasing of families financial preperadness plan and assurance of disasters, training of attemptcapacity enhancement and families preparedness, building the families social networking, mentoring of improving of families life quality. Based on the method and activities are produced changes such as: 1) 36 Householder in South Tiku have a permanent work, 2) 22 householder are women (60%) which been had fix livelihoods, 3) 36 householder had a bussiness cash book, and 11 of among other have been assessed that have a good finansial report, 4) 32 housholdder have passbook of allert kacio as saving preparadness while disaster, 5) 36 householder have been trained in strengthening preparadness families and rescue in the evnt of disasters, including campaign of secure house of eartquake,6)integration of the program with the local goverment and private programs, 7) The most of families have lost of the social and cultural issues.
FARMER’S AWARENESS TOWARD CLIMATE CHANGE: RESULTS FROM 6 PROVINCES IN INDONESIA
Tri Wahyu Nugroho and Dwi Retnoningsih
Department of Agriculture Social Economic, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya
Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
Agriculture sector nowadays confronts land conversion, natural disaster, and climate change. Furthermore the majority of food-crop farmers are smallholders facing problems in capital, and technology, so the food-crop sector is vulnerable to shock in economic and natural problems.This study examines farmer’s awareness toward climate change.Specifically, the research aimsto identify responses of farmer toward climate change and identify policies and programs that would increase new agriculture technology to help mitigate the impact of climate change. The process of data collection was conducted in several districts in six provinces which are a major producing area of corn, soybeans, and rice.The samples consist of 165 farmers and 28Agriculture Extension Staffs (AES).This study uses quantitative method which isstatistic analysis.The results shows that there are gaps of knowledge between AESand farmers.This implies that the program to mitigate climate change, which are the knowledge of high yield seed, cultivation and land processing techniquedo not transform well to the farmers.The necessary and specific program to mitigate climate change needs to be supported by strengthening the government policy in agribusinessthrough new technology and other incentives stimuli for farmers.
Keyword: farmer, climate change, policy