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ANALYSIS OF INDONESIA’S PEPPER IN THE SUPPLY AND DEMAND
Ermi Tety, Eliza, and Hamdani
Science Agribusiness / Agricultural Economics of Agriculture University of Riau
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ABSTRACT
Indonesia is second biggest producer and exportir of pepper commodity in the world. The purposes of this research are: (1) to analyze of Indonesian pepper in the supply and demand; (2) to analyze the impact of exchange rate, price of world pepper, and combination among its to Indonesian pepper in the supply and demand. Analysis method used simultaneous equation with time series data from 1990 till 2013. The results showed that determinant coefficient (R2) of every equations are 0,51 till 0,86 and F value are 4,67 till 20,16. Indonesian pepper production significantly influenced by real price of Indonesian pepper, Indonesian pepper export, real interest rate of Indonesia, and Indonesian pepper production last year. Indonesian pepper demand significantly influenced by Indonesian population. Indonesian pepper export significantly influenced by growth of Indonesian pepper demand and Indonesian pepper export last year. Indonesian pepper price significantly influenced by Indonesian pepper production, real exchange rate of IDR to USD, inflation rate of Indonesia, and Indonesian pepper price last year. Real price of Indonesian pepper isn’t responsive to Indonesian pepper production in short run and responsive in long run. Indonesian population is responsive to Indonesian pepper demand in short run and long run. Other exogenous variables aren’t responsive to endogenous variable in short run and long run. The exchange rate depreciation, the increase price of world pepper, and combination among its impact to increase of Indonesian pepper price, export, and production and degradation of Indonesian pepper demand. Development of pepper agroindustry must intensively to improve domestic demand and give economic value to pepper commodity.
Keywords: Pepper, supply and demand response, simultaneous equation
THE CONTRIBUTION OF SPOT - FUTURES PRICE AND OTHER VARIABLES TO THE INDONESIAN CRUDE PALM OIL (CPO) EXPORT
Athika Budi Prihatini1, Rina Oktaviani2 and Tanti Novianti3
Graduate student of Economics Department, Graduate School of Economics Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
1Professor at the Economics Department and Director of International Trade Analysis and Policy Studies (ITAPS) Faculty of Economics and Management, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
2Lecturer at the Economics Department and Researcher of International Trade Analysis and Policy Studies (ITAPS) Faculty of Economics and Management, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
3Chairman of Indonesian Agricultural Economics Association of Palembang
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ABSTRACT
Crude Palm Oil (CPO) plays important role in Indonesian economy, especially as the main export commodities of non-oil sector. As a strategic commodity, the development of exports and the spot-futures price of CPO need to be taken in order to increase the contribution of CPO. In line of the issue, the main objective of this study is to analyse price volatility and contribution of spot price, futures price, export price, production, exchange rate, interest rate, inflation and world oil price to export. The daily data for the period Juni 2010-December 2014 and monthly data of January 2009 to December 2014 are taken as input for the study. The volatility are analyzed by applying ARCH-GARCH and contribution price and other variable series are analysed by applying VECM. The test results indicate that spot price and futures price are volatile. The result also shows that the dummy futures prices, production, exchange rates, interest rate, inflation and world oil prices variables have a significant effect on CPO exports. The CPO economic development should be taken into account those significant factors.
Keywords : spot-futures price, volatility, CPO exports
LAND LIMITING FACTORS FOR OIL PALM DEVELOPMENT IN BOLAANG MONGONDOW REGENCY, INDONESIA
Johannes E.X. Rogi1, Johan A. Rombang2 and Josephus I. Kalangi3
1Agronomy Lab. Faculty of Agriculture, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado Indonesia
2Soil Science Lab. Faculty of Agriculture, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado Indonesia
3Agroclimatology Lab. Faculty of Agriculture, Sam Ratulangi University,Manado Indonesia
Chairman of Indonesian Agricultural Economics Association of Palembang
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ABSTRACT
Without land, palm trees would not be economical to commercial cultivation. Climate elements are parts offactors that determine the level of land suitability. Each type of plant needsa certain range of climatic elements in each phase of growth. Climateelements in certain circumstances can be a limiting factor in crop growth stage and aserious problem since they are difficult to control. Therefore, climate elements play important role in improving crop yield and crop quality. The higher the desired yield andquality of a crop, the moresuitable the climate elements should be. Besides climate elements, soil characteristics also play important role in crop yield and quality.In this research, soil physical and chemical characteristics that were measured and observed consist of drainage, texture, depth, clay-cation exchange capacity, base saturation, pH, C-organic content, electrical conductivity, slope gradient, flood risk, and rock outcrops. Based on USDA soil taxonomy,soil types in the study area consist of Typic Endoaquepts, Typic Hapludalfs, Typic Eutrudepts, and Typic Udorthents. Further result also indicated that soil depth was the predominant, serious limiting factor for the development of oil palm plantation. Another serious limiting factor is the slope gradient greater than 40%. Severalminor limiting factors in the study area are drainage, flood risk, and air temperature.
Keywords: Oil palm,land, climate, limiting factors.
ROLE OF ECO-TOURISM FOR SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION: W.R.T. MAREDUMILLI, ECO-TOURISM PROJECT, ANDHRA PRADESH STATE, INDIA
Teki Surayya
Professor and Dean academic affairs Adikavi Nannaya University (Autonomous body under Government of Andhra Pradesh, India) Rajahmundry-533105, India. website www.nannayauniversity.infoPhone: 91-8121692457 and +91-883-2472616-17,
Chairman of Indonesian Agricultural Economics Association of Palembang
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ABSTRACT
Maredumilli community based eco-tourism project, Vana Vihari (excursion to forest) Maredumilli forest village, East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Project was developed by Government forest department and give to communities. A management committee of 18 members manages project on their own. Project is presently self sustaining. Average monthly revenues is INR 0.1 million out of which wages INR 54000, electricity overheads 15000 and 1500 to forest department fee and maintenance 5000 to be incurred per month. Remaining revenue realized from the project is allocated to promote health of forest. Findings of study show that Vana Vihari, provides livelihoods to 68 families. 5th day of every month project community general meeting is being held to make necessary decisions. Impact of project is visible in many folds; a) local communities have become entrepreneurs and 68 households, directly or indirectly getting their livelihood, b) degradation of ecosystem has been decreased through community based ecotourism management c) forest canopy has been improved significantly that is contributing for climate change mitigation and rural development and d) local communities have become safeguards against exploitation of natural forest resources and forest protection force. The main objective of the study was to evaluate impact of project in terms of the project’s role - a) providing livelihoods local rural communities, b) protecting natural forest against exploitation and c) to measure role of ecotourism in mitigating climate change.
Keywords: Community, Eco-tourism, rural development, Livelihoods, Impact